英语
1. However, growth inthe fabricated metals industry was able to _______ some of the decline inthe iron and steelindustry.
[A] overturn [B] overtake [C]offset [D] oppress
2.Some day softwarewill translate both written and spoken language so well that the
need for any common second language could ________.
[A] descend [B] decline [C]deteriorate [D] depress
3. As an industry,biotechnology stands to ________ electronics in dollar volume and
perhaps surpass it in social impact by 2020.
[A] contend [B] contest [C]rival [D] strive
答案与解析
1. c译文:然而,金属制品工业能抵消钢铁工业的部分下滑。
本句中一方在增长,而另一方却在衰退,应是相互“抵消”了。题目中的fabricate,作动词表示伪造;制造,生产
Thepolice were accused of fabricating evidence. 警方被控捏造证据。
Thisrefrigerator is fabricated from parts made in different factories.
这台电冰箱是由不同的工厂所制的零件组装的。
C选项 offset v. 补偿,抵销;衬托出;
Hewas able to offset his travel expenses against tax. 他可以用旅费抵税。
A选项 overturn v. 打翻;(使)翻倒;(使)倾覆;推翻裁决;推翻,颠覆(政府)
前缀 over-表示过度,超过,在上,或表强调,表整个,表完全。词根turn-表示转,全都转过来,意为翻倒,倾覆
hefought for eight years to overturn a conviction for armed robbery.
为了推翻持械抢劫的判决他奋斗了八年。
① over表示”过度,过分”
overwork n.过度劳累(over+work 工作)
overact v.表演过火(over+act 演出)
overdose n.药物过量(over+dose 剂量)
overcrowded a.挤满的(over+crowded 拥挤的)
② over表示”在……之上”
overwhelm v.压倒;泛滥(over+whelm 推翻→翻过来→压倒)
overbridge n.天桥(over+bridge 桥→上面的桥→天桥)
overlook v.俯视;疏忽(over+look 看→在上面看→俯视)
overcoat n.外套(over+coat 衣服→在衣服上的衣服→外套)
overcome v.战胜,克服(over+come 来→来到上面→战胜)
B 选项 overtake v. 追上,赶上;超越;强烈影响;突然降临(不幸)Nevertry to overtake on a bend.绝不要在转弯处超车!Thecouple was overtaken by misfortune. 不幸突然降临到那对夫妻身上。
Thediplomatic negotiations were soon overtaken by events. 外交谈判不久就遭遇变故。
D选项 oppress v. 压迫,压制;使压抑,使烦恼
A sense of trouble ahead oppressed my spirits. 对今后困难的预感使我情绪低落。
oppressive残酷的;闷热的,压抑的
Theoppressive family atmosphere will hinder children’s growth.
压抑的家庭气氛会阻碍孩子成长。
跟词根 press-压有关的单词我们之前也学过很多,大家一起回顾下 compress, impress,depress, repress, suppress 的意思哦!
2. B译文:有朝一日,软件将会在口头和书面翻译上做得很好,以至于对于任何通用第二外语的需求应该会减少。
[动词辨析]从题意来看应该是需求的下降,选项单词中descend强调to come or godown from a higher to a lower level;而decline 为减少:a continuousdecrease in the number, value, quality, etc. of sth或者是to becomesmaller, fewer, weaker, etc.所以选择decline更合理。
decline:v. 数量、价值、质量等的)减少,下降,衰落,衰退;谢绝;婉言拒绝
拓展词汇:
de(向下)-c-line 线 一条向下的线➡下降;并且方向向下表示否定,不接受➡拒绝
online/ offline 在线、离线
baseline/ guideline/hotline/deadline 基准线、指导线( 原则)、热线、截止线(日期)
underline 下划线➡强调
linear 线性的;linear regression 线性回归
lineage 血统
A 选项 descend:v.下来、下去、下降;向下倾斜、( 情感、黑暗) 将临
拓展搭配:
Night descends quickly in the tropics.热带地区黑夜来得快。
The results, ranked in descending order are as follows. 结果按递减顺序排列如下
拓展搭配:
descend into sth.逐渐陷入
拓展词汇:
scend=scens=scent=climb 词根 爬
ascend:a( 强调) + scend( 爬) ➡向上爬➡上升、攀登
descend:de( 向下) + scend( 爬) ➡向下爬➡下降
descent:n.下降、斜坡、 血统
C 选项 deteriorate v.变坏、恶化、衰退
deteriorating weather conditions 不断恶化的天气状况
拓展搭配:
deteriorate into sth 恶化成为…
The discussion quickly deteriorated into an angry argument.
这场讨论迅速演变成愤怒的争吵。
D 选项 depress v.使..抑郁( de 向下-press 压➡向下压某人➡打压某人➡使…不爽);使…不景气;使…下降( to take thevalue of prices or wages lower 主要指工资);向下压
depression n.抑郁症、经济萧条、抑郁、低气压,但它大写为Depression 特指经济萧条
大萧条(Great Depression)拓展词汇:
词根 press 之前讲过,为压的含义,拓展的常考词汇如下
pressure:压力
compress:压缩(压到一起去)
express:表达(向外压➡释放➡表达);adj.快速的、直接的
impress:给…留下印象(往里面压➡留下印子)
suppress:镇压(sup-向下压➡镇压、压抑)
depress:使…沮丧、 使…萧条(de-向下➡打压)
3.C译文:作为一门产业,生物技术到了 2020 年时, 在经济价值上很可能与电子技术相匹敌, 在社会影响上则可能会超过电子技术。
因为 contend表示与…竞争时,后面要接相应的介词搭配;contest 作动词
时表示对…提出异议或者参加…竞赛,竞选等。所以选择 rival.
句子结构分析如下:
主干:…biotechnologystands torival electronics…andsurpass it…
并列结构,surpass前面省略了 biotechnology standsto, 这里的 it 向上指代,指的是 electronics.介宾短语后置 in dollar volume 和 in social impact
stand to do sth 很可能会做某事
题目当中的 stand用法很多,我们一起学习下:
Nearthe railway station stood a hotel. 火车站附近有家酒店。
Thekitchen door stood open so she went in. 厨房的门开着,于是她走了进
去。(表示处于…状态)
Weshould stand ready to do what is necessary to guarantee the peace.我们应该
时刻准备着采取必要手段确保和平。(准备好做…)
Children can’t stand to hear parents arguing. (无法忍受…)Jay’ssongs stand the test of time. 周杰伦的歌经得起时间的考验。(经得
起…)
Itstands to reason that if you are considerate and friendly to people you willget
a lot more back.
显然,如果你通情达理,对人友善,你会得到比你付出的多得多的回报。
另外 volume表示量,容积, 音量,( 书籍的)卷
boundvolumes of the magazine 杂志的合订本
thevolume of sales 销售量
Whatyou wear speaks volumes about you.
你的穿戴能充分表明你的方方面面。
C选项 rival 名词表示对手, 竞争者
Theystill remain bitter rivals. 他们仍是死敌。
shehas no rivals as a female rock singer.
作为摇滚乐女歌手,没人可以与她匹敌
作动词,表示与…匹敌,与…媲美
A选项 contend
构词法角度:前缀con-一起 + 词根tend-伸展 → 一起你拉我夺 → 争夺。contendfor 竞争…;争夺…/ contend with sb forsth
contend with 解决…
contend that 主张…声称…
She had to contend with his uncertain temper.
她不得不应付他无常的性情。
Theywere contending for the succession to the presidency.
他们正在为连任而竞争。
B选项 contest 作名词表示比赛,竞赛;作动词表示对…提出质疑;
参加(竞选或比赛)
Theformer chairman contests his dismissal. 前主席对他被免职提出异议
Hequickly won voters’ support to contest the elections.
他迅速赢得了选民的支持来参加竞选。
形近词特别容易弄混的是context,表示上下文,背景
thepolitical context 政治背景
Weare doing this work in the context of reforms.
我们正在改革的背景下从事这项工作。
D选项 strive
strive to do 努力做…
strive for/ after sth 为…努力